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Facing Prejudice: All American Boys
Students explore perspectives on the American experience through the eyes of a young Black man and a young white man who are connected through an incident of police brutality.
ELA
Unit 1
8th Grade
Unit Summary
Please Note: In February 2026, this unit and its lesson plans received a round of enhancements. This unit is now 33 instructional days (previously 28 days). The overall content, sequencing, and writing projects of the unit have been adjusted significantly. Teachers should pay close attention as they intellectually prepare to account for the updates.
The first eighth-grade unit initiates a year-long exploration of injustice and responses to oppression. In this unit, students explore issues of racial injustice in the United States. The core text, All American Boys, is a 2015 novel written by two authors that tells the story of two teenage boys—one Black and one white—as they confront racism and police brutality in their community. Their lives intersect unexpectedly when Rashad, a Black high-school student, is assaulted by a police officer outside a local convenience store, and Quinn witnesses it. Quinn is suddenly forced to face the reality of racial injustice in his own community, while Rashad faces the harsh reality that the world judges him primarily by his race. Both young men must grapple with how to respond to the event and the responsibility they have to stand up when injustice has occurred.
In addition to the core text, students read diverse informational texts as a way to build background knowledge about the many historical and contemporary factors that contribute to the complexity of issues of racial justice, including a speech by Barack Obama, a TED Talk about growing up Black in America, and an article about the historic march for voting rights for Black Americans in Selma, Alabama in 1965.
Throughout the unit, students learn to participate in class discussions by determining which evidence best supports a particular idea and how to interpret and analyze that evidence. By writing daily in response to the Target Task question, students build their writing fluency, learning to see the power of writing as a tool for understanding what they are reading. This unit also serves as the foundation for learning how to brainstorm and write strong literary analysis paragraphs, focusing on drafting topic sentences and determining supporting details. At the end of the unit, students engage with their first narrative writing task for the year, studying All American Boys as a mentor text to learn how to write their own personal narrative of an important moment in their life, told from multiple perspectives. This culminating task gives students an opportunity to continue to explore and develop their understanding of an overarching theme of the unit—the factors that shape a person's experience and understanding of the world.
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Texts and Materials
Some of the links in the sections below are Bookshop affiliate links. This means that if you click and make a purchase, we receive a small portion of the proceeds, which supports our non-profit mission.
Core Texts
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Book: All American Boys by Jason Reynolds and Brendan Kiely (Atheneum/Caitlyn Dlouhy Books) — HL770L
Supporting Texts
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Article: “Racism and White Privilege in the U.S.” by Fishtank Staff
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Video: “President Obama Speaks on Trayvon Martin” by The Obama White House (YouTube)
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Transcript: “Remarks by the President on Trayvon Martin” by Barack Obama
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Video: “A Conversation About Growing Up Black” by The New York Times (YouTube)
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Video: “How to Raise a Black Son in America” by Clint Smith (TED)
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Transcript: “How to Raise a Black Son in America” by Clint Smith (TED)
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Article: “Selma: How the Selma-to-Montgomery marches 50 years ago helped end discrimination against black voters” by Bryan Brown (The New York Times Upfront)
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Article: “How Did Black Women Leaders Contribute to the Successes of the Civil Rights Movement?” by Quill.org
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Poem: “Poem Resisting Arrest” by Kyle Dargan
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Excerpt: “How to Resist” from Say Her Name by Zetta Elliott
- Recommended Texts for Independent Reading
Rubrics
Resources for Lessons and Projects
Assessment
The following assessments accompany Unit 1. For more guidance, see the Summative Assessments and Assessments Accommodations & Modifications Teacher Tools.
Warm Read Assessment
The Warm Read Assessment measures students' ability to apply the core reading standards and their knowledge from the unit to comprehend new, topically or thematically aligned texts. It includes both multiple choice and short written response questions and should serve as the primary assessment for the unit.
Vocabulary Assessment
The Vocabulary Assessment measures students' acquisition of text-based vocabulary words from the unit.
Fluency Assessment
The Fluency Assessment measures students' oral reading fluency with a passage drawn from one of the unit's core texts. See the Assessing Reading Fluency Teacher Tool for more guidance.
Unit Prep
Intellectual Prep
Before you teach this unit, unpack the texts, themes, and core standards through our guided intellectual preparation process. Each Unit Launch includes a series of short videos, targeted readings, and opportunities for action planning to ensure you're prepared to support every student.
Essential Questions
- How do race and racial bias shape a person's experience and understanding of the world?
- What responsibility do people have when they witness—or are the victim of—injustice?
- What can be done when aspects of society do not serve all people equally?
Enduring Understandings
- Pervasive stereotypes mean that all people in the United States, regardless of race, hold prejudices and biases.
- All people have a responsibility to stand up against injustice. It is important to stand up against injustice even when we are fearful or must make significant personal sacrifices.
- Protest is a powerful tool for raising awareness of racial injustice.
- Police brutality disproportionately affects Black Americans.
Vocabulary
Text-based
accountableallegianceassumptionbiasbystanderdemographicsdehumanizedumbfoundedimpeccableinjusticeobliviousprohibitprejudiceprivilegeradicalsurrealsynonymoustransfixedubiquitous
Literary Terms
citationclimaxcolloquial languageconnotationevidenceexplicitfigurative languageimageryimplicitinternal monologueinferenceinternal conflictmetaphorperspectivestructurethematic topicthemetoneverbal irony
Writing Terms
active voiceclaimconcluding sentencecontextdescriptive detailsdialogueelaborationexplanationexpositionfalling actionpassive voicepersonal narrativereflectionrising actionsensory languagesupporting detailtopic sentence
To see all the vocabulary for Unit 1, view our 8th Grade Vocabulary Glossary.
Supporting All Students
In order to ensure that all students are able to access the texts and tasks in this unit, it is incredibly important to intellectually prepare to teach the unit prior to launching the unit. Use the guidance provided under 'Notes to the Teacher' below in addition to the Unit Launch to determine which supports students will need at the unit and lesson level. To learn more, visit the Supporting All Students Teacher Tool.
Notes to the Teacher
- This unit discusses issues of racial injustice and police brutality. No matter the racial identities of your students, this unit will undoubtedly spark difficult and important conversations. Students may have strong emotional reactions to the content. As always, it is important to consider the knowledge and diverse experiences your students bring with them to your classroom.
- This unit is built on these premises: (a) your students are already aware of the conversation around racial justice/injustice taking place in our country; and (b) it is essential that students—regardless of their racial background—are having discussions about race and racial justice in their schools. A number of resources are listed below that provide guidance on having conversations about race with students.
- "10 Principles for Talking About Race in School" by the NEA Center for Social Justice (National Education Association)
- "Uncomfortable Conversations: Talking About Race In The Classroom" by Elissa Nadworny (NPR)
- "First Encounters With Race and Racism: Teaching Ideas for Classroom Conversation" by Jinnie Spiegler (The New York Times)
- "Facing Race" by Leah Shafer (Harvard Graduate School of Education)
- "Creating an Anti-Bias Learning Environment" by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
- "Anti-Bias Tools & Strategies" by the ADL
- "Traumatic Events" by Jacquelyn Cafasso (Healthline)
- This unit challenges students to engage in discussions about race. In order to facilitate these discussions, you must feel comfortable doing so. Prior to teaching the lesson and the unit, we recommend reading or watching the following resources from Learning for Justice (the Southern Poverty Law Center):
- "Let's Talk! Facilitating Critical Conversations with Students"
- "Social Justice Standards"
- "Reiterate. Contemplate. Respire. Communicate" Protocol from the "Toolkit for Talking About Racism and Police Violence with Students"
- Be aware that All American Boys includes multiple uses of profanity and references to teenagers drinking and using drugs.
- Although some of the resources write "black" with a lowercase "b," Fishtank capitalizes "Black" in accordance with The New York Times's decision to capitalize "Black" in 2020 to reflect a shared cultural identity. Consider explaining to students why "Black" is capitalized and why "white" is not capitalized. If relevant, briefly explain this to students as a matter of editorial style and clarity, and apply the same convention in student writing.
- A new pilot with the nonprofit Quill.org provides free, optional activities aligned to themes and ideas from this unit. In each fifteen-minute activity, students read a short text and complete three writing prompts. Immediate feedback from Quill's Ethical AI coaches them in their revisions. (Note: With the activity links below, students will complete these activities anonymously. If you want to create a Quill account and view student data on these activities, click here.)
- Why Did Jason Reynolds and Brendan Kiely Write a Book Together? (connected to Lesson 3)
- Do Students Have the Right to Freedom of Speech at School?—coming soon (connected to Lesson 17)
Content Knowledge and Connections
Future Fishtank ELA Connections
Previous Fishtank ELA Connections
Lesson Map
3 days
Write a paragraph that makes and supports a clear claim.
Gather evidence and write a clear topic sentence that directly answers the prompt.
- Details Brainstorming Page (G8, U1, L6)
Standards
W.8.1W.8.4W.8.9
Create an outline to organize the strongest details and craft topic and concluding sentences.
- Details Brainstorming Page (G8, U1, L6)
- Single Paragraph Outline
Standards
W.8.1.aW.8.1.bW.8.1.e
Use an outline to draft a paragraph by constructing complete sentences that develop details from the text and connect back to the topic sentence.
- Single Paragraph Outline
Standards
W.8.1W.8.1.bW.8.1.c
2 days
Write a paragraph that makes and supports a clear claim.
Revise a paragraph to elaborate on details in order to strengthen support for a claim.
Standards
W.8.1.bW.8.1.c
Form and use verbs in both the active and passive voice to increase clarity and sentence variety.
Standards
L.8.1.bW.8.1
5 days
Write a short, first-person narrative about a significant moment in your life. Then, write the same scene but from the perspective of another person who was there.
Analyze how All American Boys uses two perspectives to develop a shared incident, then brainstorm ideas for two first-person narratives about a significant incident.
- Personal Narrative Brainstorming Page (G8, U1, L24)
Standards
W.8.3
Logically organize a sequence of events and use precise language to draft one event.
- Personal Narrative Brainstorming Page (G8, U1, L24)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
W.8.3.aW.8.3.d
Draft two expositions that establish the narrator's perspective and engage the reader by introducing the context and characters.
- Personal Narrative Brainstorming Page (G8, U1, L24)
- Narrative Graphic Organizer (G6–8)
Standards
W.8.3.aW.8.3.bW.8.3.d
Continue drafting personal narratives by adding dialogue and sensory language to develop characters' perspectives.
Standards
W.8.3.bW.8.3.d
Revise each narrative to intentionally use active and passive voice to highlight perspective, add clarity, and strengthen meaning.
Standards
L.8.1.bW.8.3.d
Projects
These projects are optional and serve as a great way to enrich students' experience and deepen their content knowledge in this unit. If teachers have flex days in their schedules, we strongly recommend any of the below options.